Appraise the impact of Post-Latham and Egan report initiatives on Essay

Efficacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays

Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essays Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Adequacy of the Duty Drawback Scheme Essay Chapter by chapter guide Contents Table of Contents1 Introduction2 Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme3 The Customs Act 19623 Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme7 Pros7 Cons8 Part III Case Law8 Conclusion10 Bibliography12 Introduction With the essential goal of boosting trades, different plans like Export Oriented Units (EOUs), Special Economic Zones (SEZs), Duty Exemption Entitlement Schemes (DEECs), Manufacture under Bond and so forth have been made accessible by the legislature to acquire contributions without the installment of customs obligation/extract obligation or to get discount of obligation paid on inputs. If there should be an occurrence of focal extract, makers can benefit Cenvat Credit of obligation paid on inputs and use the equivalent for installment of obligation on different products sold in India, or they can acquire discount. Plans like production under bond are likewise accessible for customs. On comparable lines, makers or processors can likewise benefit of Duty Drawback Schemes. Here, the extract obligation and customs obligation paid on inputs is discounted to the exporter of completed item by method of ‘Duty Drawback’. Segment 75 of Customs Act accommodates downside on materials utilized in assembling or preparing of fare item. Under Duty Drawback Schemes, alleviation of customs and focal extract obligations endured on the data sources utilized in the assembling of fare item is permitted to exporters. The permissible obligation disadvantage sum is paid to exporters by storing it into their assigned financial balance. It might be noticed that obligation downside under area 75 is allowed when imported materials are utilized in the production of merchandise which are then traded, while obligation disadvantage under segment 74 is appropriate when imported products are re-sent out all things considered and the article is effectively recognizable. Segment 37 of Central Excise Act permits he Central Government to outline rules for motivation behind the Act. In exercise of these forces, The Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 have been surrounded illustrating the technique to be followed with the end goal of award of obligation disadvantage by the Customs Authorities preparing send out documentat ion. So as to satisfy the goals of this paper, the paper has been structures as follows. To begin with, I have investigated the method of reasoning behind an obligation downside plot. Second, I have dug into the legal arrangements managing obligation downside plans and significant principles. Third, I have made a correlation of the geniuses and the cons of an obligation downside plot lastly, I have watched certain rules that have been set down through case law before offering my closing comments. Part I The Duty Drawback Scheme Duty downside plans, which ordinarily include a mix of obligation discounts and exceptions, are an element of numerous countries’ exchange systems. They are utilized in exceptionally secured, creating economies as methods for giving exporters imported contributions at world costs, and consequently expanding their seriousness, while keeping up the insurance on the remainder of the economy. A significant standard in the toll of customs obligation is that the products ought to be devoured inside the nation of importation. On the off chance that the products are not all that devoured, however are sent out of the nation, the expense of fare merchandise gets unduly raised a record of frequency of customs obligation. In this way to maintain a strategic distance from this acceleration of value obligation disadvantage plans try to expel the effect of customs obligation on imported merchandise which are in the end sent out. Possible exportation may occur because of: A. Merchandise are sent back to a remote nation Due to non similarity with required particulars * Trade-limitations in the nation of import * Primary motivation behind import was transitory maintenance B. Merchandise are utilized in the assembling of different items implied for trade The most recent reason for help of import obligation paid is the point at which the products are at last sent out. This factor increas ed more prominent significance with the foundation of 100% Export Oriented Units where products fabricated are basically traded to procure outside trade. The Customs Act 1962 Section X of the Customs Act, 1962 arrangements with different parts of the obligation disadvantage plot in India. Area 74 arrangements with products which fall under Category An as depicted above and Section 75 arrangements with Category B. If there should arise an occurrence of products which were prior imported on installment of obligation and are later tried to be re-sent out inside a predefined period, customs obligation paid at the hour of import of the merchandise with certain cut can be guaranteed as obligation disadvantage by the exporter at the hour of fare of such products. Such obligation disadvantage is conceded as far as Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962 read with Re-fare of Imported Goods (Drawback of Customs Duty) Rules, 1995. For this reason, at the hour of import, the character points of interest of the merchandise are recorded at the hour of assessment of import products; at the hour of fare, cross check of the merchandise under fare is finished with the assistance of related import archives to find out whether the merchandise under fare are the extremely ones which were imported before. Where the products are not placed into utilization after import, 98% of obligation downside is acceptable at the most extreme under Section 74 of the Customs Act, 1962. In situations where the merchandise are placed into utilization in India after import yet preceding its fare, obligation downside is allowed on a sliding scale premise contingent on the degree of utilization of the products. No obligation disadvantage is accessible if the merchandise are placed into utilization for a period surpassing three years after import. Application for obligation disadvantage is required to be made inside 3 months from the date of fare of products. On the off chance that the essential components of Section 74 as featured in the important commentary are fulfilled, at that point the fare merchandise are qualified for an installment of disadvantage of a sum equivalent to 98%. Be that as it may, there are sure outer elements which can influence the important conditions. As a result to this recommendation, it would follow that the rate fixed by the Government would be relevant for an endorsed period as it were. On the off chance that there is an) any variety in the pace of obligation paid on the info whether customs or extract obligation b) variety in the organization of the last item and c) change during the time spent production the pace of obligation previously fixed by the Government would not be relevant. It would require to be modified. The obsession of a pace of downside is, along these lines a nonstop procedure and the business benefiting of such office of disadvantage is required to outfit constantly its costing and creatio n information to the association endowed with the obligation of obsession of paces of disadvantage. It will be seen that on account of downside under segment 74 the measure of disadvantage was identified with the genuine obligation paid on the merchandise. It didn't have any relationship to either the valuation of the merchandise at the hour of exportation or the overarching paces of obligation on the products at the hour of fare. Be that as it may, on account of area 75 downsides, since the character of the information sources which have endured customs or extract obligation by and large, is smothered in the last item, there has been a need to correspond the award of disadvantage with the estimation of the merchandise sent out. It has in this manner been recommended under stipulation to area 75(1) of the Customs Act that no disadvantage of obligation will be permitted under this segment if: * the fare estimation of the completed merchandise or the class of products is not exactly the estimation of the imported material utilized in the assembling or handling of such merchandise or doing any procedure on such products or class of merchandise: or * the fare esteem isn't more than such level of the estimation of the imported materials utilized in 1he production or preparing of such merchandise or doing any procedure on such products or class of products as might be informed by the Central Government; or * any downside has been permitted on any products and the deal continues in regard of such merchandise are not gotten by or in the interest of the exporter in India inside the time permitted under the Foreign Exchange Management Act, 1999 (FEMA). In such a case, the downside will be esteemed never to have been p ermitted and the Central Government may, by rules made under sub-segment (2) determine the system for the recuperation or change of the measure of such disadvantage. Under Duty Drawback Scheme, an exporter can pick either an) All Industry Rate (AIR) of Duty Drawback Scheme or b) Brand Rate of Duty Drawback Scheme Significant part of Duty Drawback is paid through AIR Duty Drawback Scheme which basically endeavors to remunerate exporters of different fare wares for normal rate of Customs and Central Excise obligations endured on the data sources utilized in their production. Brand pace of obligation disadvantage is conceded as far as the Customs and Central Excise Duties Drawback Rules, 1995 in situations where the fare item doesn't have any AIR or obligation downside rate, or where the AIR obligation downside rate informed is considered by the exporter lacking to make up for the Customs/Central Excise obligations endured on inputs utilized in the assembling of fare items. For products having an AIR the brand rate office to specific exporters is accessible just on the off chance that it is built up that the remuneration via AIR is under 80% of the real obligations endured in the assembling of the fare merchandise. Part II Pros and Cons of the Scheme Pros The main strategy for empowering the fare of merchandise has been the disadvantage of customs and the focal extract obligations on products fabricated out of customs obligation paid as well as focal extract obligation paid on information sources or crude materials. The Duty downside plans are utilized in exceptionally secured economies as intends to furnish exporters of produced merchandise with imported contributions at world costs and in this manner expanding their productivity, while keeping up the assurance for household businesses that rival imports. The decision of fare disadvantages is fortified by universal guidelines, na

How to Learn About Psychology

How to Learn About Psychology Student Resources Print How to Learn About Psychology Tools and Resources That Can Help By Kendra Cherry facebook twitter Kendra Cherry, MS, is an author, educational consultant, and speaker focused on helping students learn about psychology. Learn about our editorial policy Kendra Cherry Updated on May 28, 2019 David Schaffer / Caiaimage / Getty Images More in Student Resources APA Style and Writing Study Guides and Tips Careers Textbooks can be a valuable way to learn about psychology, but they are certainly not the only learning tool out there. Thanks to the Internet, there are plenty of different ways that you can increase your knowledge about psychology without ever cracking open a textbook. Psychology Websites The goal of the Verywell.com Psychology website is to help high school students, college students, and psychology enthusiasts learn more about the human mind and behavior. We have tons of great resources including study tips, articles, APA format tutorials, biographies, and much more. Of course, there are some other excellent websites and blogs out there that also contain information and resources that students might find helpful. A few of my personal favorites include Psychology Today, PsyBlog, and Psych Your Mind. Free Online Classes A number of universities offer self-study classes online free of charge. This provides a great opportunity for students who do not have access to a traditional college classroom due to their work schedule or geographic location. It also allows those who simply cannot afford to go back to school the chance to educate themselves about the topic. TV Programs Psychology plays a role in a number of fictional serial dramas currently airing on television, but there are also plenty of fact-based television programs that can teach students more about psychology. Unfortunately, many of these shows can only be seen in reruns or by ordering the programs on DVD. One title students might enjoy is the classic Discovering Psychology series hosted by social psychologist Philip Zimbardo. A more recent show that often covers brain and psychology topics is the PBS series NOVA ScienceNow hosted by astrophysicist Neil deGrasse Tyson. Online Videos Online videos are an excellent way to learn more about psychology, especially for those who tend to be visual and auditory learners. In addition to searching YouTube, some great resources you should check out include: The popular TED Talks series includes clips from talks on a variety of topics, including many focused on human psychology and behavior.The Kahn Academy showcases more than 3000 videos on many educational topics free of charge. Psychology students might be interested in their selection of videos on probability and statistics.The Clips for Class website is a fantastic resource for both psychology students and teachers. Videos are categorized by subject, including clips on development, personality, motivation, cognition, and much more. Psychology Podcasts Podcasts can be a fun and informative way to learn about psychology when you are on the go. Just save some free podcasts to your portable digital music player and listen to them while you are commuting to work or to school. Check out our list of psychology podcasts to find some that might interest you. Study Guides, Quizzes, and Exams Study guides are always a helpful tool for students, but did you know that testing yourself can actually improve your learning and retention? Online Psychology Labs Gaining hands-on experience with research can be particularly helpful when you are trying to learn about different topics in psychology. A number of textbook publishers offer online psychology labs designed to accompany content found in their books. In most cases, you will need a class ID number to log-in and utilize these labs. You can also check out these free online psychological tutorials and demonstrations to participate in labs focusing on topics such as sensation and perception, social psychology, research methods, and more.

Diagnosing Heathcliff, What Could be Wrong Essay

Emily Bronte’s, Wuthering Heights, includes the struggle for happiness, like marry like, and revenge. Heathcliff grew up neglected and abused. When he fell in love with his long time friend, Catherine Earnshaw, she betrayed him by choosing another man over him, causing Heathcliff to become bitter and rude to everyone who comes in contact with him. He goes out of his way to make everyone miserable and unhappy just like himself. Although the perspective of Heathcliff is seen as â€Å"a mad man,† he is actually suffering from Antisocial Personality Disorder, Conduct Disorder, and Depression. An adult that has Antisocial Disorder normally begins with Conduct Disorder as a child . Children with CD (Conduct Disorder) are found when the child has a†¦show more content†¦All of these symptoms are long term and do not just show up overnight. The patient will start to develop this disorder no earlier than at 15 years of age but is not officially diagnosed till age 18. The reason being is so the patient is not just going through these symptoms as a stage in his or her life (DSM). Though Heathcliff has most of these symptoms that make up a person with antisocial, he also shows signs of a person who could just be in a state of major depression. Depression is not when you are sad for a couple of days, it is a time in a person’s life when it is hard to eat, sleep, work, and enjoy themselves for at the least two weeks or longer. Also these moods must last through the whole day, periodically throughout or most of the day. It is also not considered depression if under the use of any substances, such as drugs or alcohol, or within two months of a deceased loved one. This state of mind can also cause him or her to have â€Å"impairment of functioning.† In Heathcliff’s case he was not under any known substance and his grief over the loss of Catherine lasted longer than two months after she passed away. He also was beginning to believe in the appearances of ghosts. He claims to see Catherine or he wishes that she would haunt him so that he would not have to bare his

The Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka - 1455 Words

Franz Kafka’s work, The Metamorphosis, has autobiographical qualities to it, in that to portrays the time and life of Kafka. Kafka writes Gregor Samsa to have the same outlook upon life and work that he does. The Metamorphosis is also a perfect example of the literary movement modernism. Kafka’s work, and less specifically modernism, were caused by events in the real world. These events can be seen in his work. The Metamorphosis, though not explicitly, gives a window into the real world. The Metamorphosis was directly influenced by the world at the time it was written, the early nineteen hundreds. During this time, the world was starting to become a darker and less beautiful place. This was the beginning of a century full of atrocities†¦show more content†¦It is less structured than other writing techniques. It also adopts the idea that the world is what people say it is. It believes that reality is not concrete, but rather is malleable and changes to match wha t the author needs. While doing this, it also adds realism, describing impossible things in very matter of fact and ordinary ways. It deals with the destabilization and fragmentation of reality, but it makes it seem believable and real. Modernism also focuses not on princes or kings, but on the average person of the time (The Twentieth Century: The Progressive Era and First World War). Of all the tenets of modernism, Kafka uses opinionated reality and the average man focus the most. Opinionated reality is shown when Gregor turns into the bug. The change is never explained or justified. It simply happens, and nothing shows Kafka’s bending of reality to fit his wants better than this. Kafka also focuses on the ordinary man. Gregor Samsa’s problems are not grand, they are simple and ordinary. At the beginning of the book, Gregor is driven by his desire to pay off his family s debt, which is a very common problem that affects the average person. This focus on ordinary prob lems shows that Kafka is following the modernist ideology. The use of modernist trends is apparent all throughout The Metamorphosis, but it is most apparent in these aspects. Kafka’s ideas about work and existence are an important part of what made him the person he was. HeShow MoreRelatedThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1052 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka wrote one of his most popular books, The Metamorphosis, during the literary period and movement of existentialism. His novella stresses many existential ideals. The most predominant ideal that is seen through Gregor Samsa and his father in The Metamorphosis is that choice is the opportune of the individual. One’s ultimate goal in life is to successfully find a balance between work and leisure. It is through the juxtaposition of Gregor Samsa and his father, the conceding tone of the authorRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka867 Words   |  4 Pagesincluding rapid growth spurts. 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Some consider The Metamorphosis as an autobiography of the author, which tries to capture the lonelines s and isolation that he felt at some pointRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1246 Words   |  5 PagesIt can be hard to understand the meaning of the novella â€Å"The Metamorphosis,† written by Franz Kafka, without thinking of the background. Due to the fact that, â€Å"using† and knowing â€Å"[the] background knowledge† of a story is important to read a â€Å"text† (Freebody and Luke). In the novella â€Å"The metamorphosis†, â€Å"Kafka’s personal history† has been â€Å"artfully [expressed]† (Classon 82). The novella was written in 1916, before the World War 1 in German {Research}. When the novella was written, in the EuropeRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1380 Words   |  6 Pagesâ€Å"I cannot make anyone understand what is happening inside me. I cannot even explain it to myself†: A Psychoanalysis reading of â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Kafka The Metamorphosis is known to be one of Franz Kafka’s best works of literature. It demonstrates the interconnection between his personal life and the protagonist, Gregor Samsa, of â€Å"The Metamorphosis.† Franz Kafka was born in 1883 and grew up in a financially stable Jewish family in Prague. He was the only son left after the death of his youngerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka656 Words   |  3 PagesMuch of Franz Kafkas story â€Å"The Metamorphosis† spends its time talking about Gregor as he struggles to live his new life as a bug. Gregor tries to find a analytical reason as to why he has taken upon this form but later on finds on that he has to accept the truth. From being an ordinary travel salesman and provider for his family to a abomination, Gregor becomes hopeless as he cant work or provide for his family. His new life as an insect causes a hardship as he is faced with isolation from hisRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka783 Words    |  4 Pages In the story â€Å"The Metamorphosis†, written by Franz Kafka, Gregor’s family represents the causing factor that prompts Gregor to become a cockroach. Gregor’s family is a symbol of a repressive structure that inhibits Gregor’s every thought and action. When Gregor gets up in the morning to get ready for work and finds that he has been transformed into a cockroach, he ponders about how maybe he should just go in to work late and get fired, but then realizes that he cannot because â€Å"if [he] were not holdingRead MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka947 Words   |  4 PagesThe Metamorphosis is a novella written by German author Franz Kafka which was first published in 1915. The novella tells the story of Gregor Samsa, a traveling salesman who one day awoke to discover he had transformed into an insect like monstrosity. Throughout the story, Gregor struggles with the horrible prospect of coming to terms with his situation, as well as copin g with the effects of his transformation, such as the fact that his family is repelled by his new form, and that he is no longerRead MoreThe Metamorphosis by Franz Kafka1021 Words   |  4 PagesFranz Kafka’s, The Metamorphosis, is a novella about Gregor Samsa, a man who devotes everything to fulfilling the needs of his family. Kafka’s existentialist perspective on the meaning of life is illustrated through the use of the protagonist of Gregor Samsa. Existentialism is a philosophy â€Å"concerned with finding self and the meaning of life through free will, choice, and personal responsibility† (Existentialism). Gregor is unable to fulfill the existentialist view of finding meaning in one’s life;Read MoreThe Metamorphosis By Franz Kafka1050 Words   |  5 PagesOn the surface, â€Å"The Metamorphosis† by Franz Kafka is an evocative story of a man transformed into a â€Å"monstrous vermin†. It seems to focus on the dark transformation of the story’s protagonist, Gregor, but there is an equal and opposing transformation that happens within Gregor’s family. Although Gregor has physically changed at the beginning of the story, he remains relatively unchanged as the novella progresses. The family, on the other hand, is forced to drastically change how they support themselves

Active Listening Free Essays

string(44) " can easily become frustrated or irritated\." Active Listening Hear What People are Really Saying Listening is one of the most important skills you can have. How well you listen has a major impact on your job effectiveness, and on the quality of your relationships with others. * We listen to obtain information. We will write a custom essay sample on Active Listening or any similar topic only for you Order Now * We listen to understand. * We listen for enjoyment. * We listen to learn. Given all this listening we do, you would think we’d be good at it! In fact most of us are not, and research suggests that we remember between 25 percent and 50 percent of what we hear. That means that when you talk to your boss, colleagues, customers or spouse for 10 minutes, they pay attention to less than half of the conversation. This is dismal! Turn it around and it reveals that when you are receiving directions or being presented with information, you aren’t hearing the whole message either. You hope the important parts are captured in your 25-50 percent, but what if they’re not? Clearly, listening is a skill that we can all benefit from improving. By becoming a better listener, you will improve your productivity, as well as your ability to influence, persuade and negotiate. What’s more, you’ll avoid conflict and misunderstandings. All of these are necessary for workplace success! Good communication skills require a high level of self-awareness. By understanding your personal style of communicating, you will go a long way towards creating good and lasting impressions with others. About Active Listening The way to become a better listener is to practice â€Å"active listening. † This is where you make a conscious effort to hear not only the words that another person is saying but, more importantly, try to understand the complete message being sent. In order to do this you must pay attention to the other person very carefully. You cannot allow yourself to become distracted by whatever else may be going on around you, or by forming counter arguments that you’ll make when the other person stops speaking. Nor can you allow yourself to get bored, and lose focus on what the other person is saying. All of these contribute to a lack of listening and understanding. If you’re finding it particularly difficult to concentrate on what someone is saying, try repeating their words mentally as they say them – this will reinforce their message and help you stay focused. To enhance your listening skills, you need to let the other person know that you are listening to what he or she is saying. To understand the importance of this, ask yourself if you’ve ever been engaged in a conversation when you wondered if the other person was listening to what you were saying. You wonder if your message is getting across, or if it’s even worthwhile continuing to speak. It feels like talking to a brick wall and it’s something you want to avoid. Acknowledgement can be something as simple as a nod of the head or a simple â€Å"uh huh. You aren’t necessarily agreeing with the person, you are simply indicating that you are listening. Using body language and other signs to acknowledge you are listening also reminds you to pay attention and not let your mind wander. You should also try to respond to the speaker in a way that will both encourage him or her to continue speaking, so that you can get the information if you need. While nodding and â€Å"uh huhing† says you’re interested, an occasional question or comment to recap what has been said communicates that you understand the message as well. Becoming an Active Listener There are five key elements of active listening. They all help you ensure that you hear the other person, and that the other person knows you are hearing what they say. 1. Pay Attention Give the speaker your undivided attention, and acknowledge the message. Recognize that non-verbal communication also â€Å"speaks† loudly. * Look at the speaker directly. * Put aside distracting thoughts. * Don’t mentally prepare a rebuttal! * Avoid being distracted by environmental factors. For example, side conversations. â€Å"Listen† to the speaker’s body language. 2. Show That You’re Listening Use your own body language and gestures to convey your attention. * Nod occasionally. * Smile and use other facial expressions. * Note your posture and make sure it is open and inviting. * Encourage the speaker to continue with small verbal comments like yes, and uh huh. 3. Provide Feedback Our personal filters, assumptions, judgments, and belie fs can distort what we hear. As a listener, your role is to understand what is being said. This may require you to reflect what is being said and ask questions. * Reflect what has been said by paraphrasing. â€Å"What I’m hearing is,† and â€Å"Sounds like you are saying,† are great ways to reflect back. * Ask questions to clarify certain points. â€Å"What do you mean when you say. † â€Å"Is this what you mean? † * Summarize the speaker’s comments periodically. If you find yourself responding emotionally to what someone said, say so, and ask for more information: â€Å"I may not be understanding you correctly, and I find myself taking what you said personally. What I thought you just said is XXX; is that what you meant? † 4. Defer Judgment Interrupting is a waste of time. It frustrates the speaker and limits full understanding of the message. * Allow the speaker to finish each point before asking questions. * Don’t interrupt with counter arguments. 5. Respond Appropriately Active listening is a model for respect and understanding. You are gaining information and perspective. You add nothing by attacking the speaker or otherwise putting him or her down. * Be candid, open, and honest in your response. Assert your opinions respectfully. Treat the other person in a way that you think he or she would want to be treated. Listening is the ability to accurately receive messages in the communication process. Listening is key to all effective communication, without the ability to listen effectively messages are easily misunderstood – communication breaks down and the sender of the message can easily become frustrated or irritated . You read "Active Listening" in category "Essay examples" Listening is so important that many top employers give regular listening skills training for their employees. This is not surprising when you consider that  good listening skills can lead to: better customer satisfaction, greater productivity with fewer mistakes, increased sharing of information that in turn can lead to more creative and innovative work. Good listening skills also have benefits in our personal lives, including: a greater number of friends and social networks, improved self-esteem and confidence, higher grades in academic work and increased health and wellbeing. Studies have shown that, whereas speaking raises blood pressure, listening brings it down. Listening is not the same as hearing. Hearing refers to the sounds that you hear, whereas listening requires more than that: it requires focus. Listening means paying attention not only to the story, but how it is told, the use of language and voice, and how the other person uses his or her body. In other words, it means being aware of both verbal and non-verbal messages. Your ability to listen effectively depends on the degree to which you perceive and understand these messages. â€Å"The most basic and powerful way to connect to another person is to listen. Just listen. Perhaps the most important thing we ever give each other is our attention. † Rachel Naomi Remen We spend a lot of our time listening Adults spend an average of 70% of their time engaged in some sort of communication, of this an average of 45% is spent listening compared to 30% speaking, 16% reading and 9% writing. (Adler, R. et al. 2001). 10 Principles of Listening A good listener will listen not only to what is being said, but also to what is left unsaid or only partially said. Listening involves observing body language and noticing inconsistencies between verbal and non-verbal messages. For example, if someone tells you that they are happy with their life but through gritted teeth or with tears filling their eyes, you should consider that the verbal and non-verbal messages are in conflict, they maybe don’t mean what they say. Listening requires you to concentrate and use your other senses in addition to simply hearing the words spoken. Listening is not the same as hearing and in order to listen effectively you need to use more than just your ears. 1. Stop Talking â€Å"If we were supposed to talk more than we listen, we would have two tongues and one ear. † Mark Twain. Don’t talk, listen. When somebody else is talking listen to what they are saying, do not interrupt, talk over them or finish their sentences for them. Stop, just listen. When the other person has finished talking you may need to clarify to ensure you have received their message accurately. 2. Prepare Yourself to Listen Relax. Focus on the speaker. Put other things out of mind. The human mind is easily distracted by other thoughts – what’s for lunch, what time do I need to leave to catch my train, is it going to rain – try to put other thoughts out of mind and concentrate on the messages that are being communicated. 3. Put the Speaker at Ease Help the speaker to feel free to speak. Remember their needs and concerns. Nod or use other gestures or words to encourage them to continue. Maintain eye contact but don’t stare – show you are listening and understanding what is being said. 4. Remove Distractions Focus on what is being said: don’t doodle, shuffle papers, look out the window, pick your fingernails or similar. Avoid unnecessary interruptions. These behaviours disrupt the listening process and send messages to the speaker that you are bored or distracted. 5. Empathize Try to understand the other person’s point of view. Look at issues from their perspective. Let go of preconceived ideas. By having an open mind we can more fully empathise with the speaker. If the speaker says something that you disagree with then wait and construct an argument to counter what is said but keep an open mind to the views and opinions of others. (See our page:  What is Empathy? ) 6. Be Patient A pause, even a long pause, does not necessarily mean that the speaker has finished. Be patient and let the speaker continue in their own time, sometimes it takes time to formulate what to say and how to say it. Never interrupt or finish a sentence for someone. 7. Avoid Personal Prejudice Try to be impartial. Don’t become irritated and don’t let the person’s habits or mannerisms distract you from what they are really saying. Everybody has a different way of speaking – some people are for example more nervous or shy than others, some have regional accents or make excessive arm movements, some people like to pace whilst talking – others like to sit still. Focus on what is being said and try to ignore styles of delivery. 8. Listen to the Tone Volume and tone both add to what someone is saying. A good speaker will use both volume and tone to their advantage to keep an audience attentive; everybody will use pitch, tone and volume of voice in certain situations – let these help you to understand the emphasis of what is being said. 9. Listen for Ideas – Not Just Words You need to get the whole picture, not just isolated bits and pieces. Maybe one of the most difficult aspects of listening is the ability to link together pieces of information to reveal the ideas of others. With proper concentration, letting go of distractions, and focus this becomes easier. 10. Wait and Watch for Non-Verbal Communication Gestures, facial expressions, and eye-movements can all be important. We don’t just listen with our ears but also with our eyes – watch and pick up the additional information being transmitted via non-verbal communication. Do not jump to conclusions about what you see and hear. You should always seek clarification to ensure that your understanding is correct. How to cite Active Listening, Essay examples

The Many Faces of La Llorona Essay Example

The Many Faces of La Llorona Paper La Llorona, the Crying Woman, is a tale of endless versions told over the centuries by an endless array of anonymous storytellers to scare curious children into doing as they are told. The literary form of orality, though fluid and dynamic, is in this case the force behind the cohesion of the contents of the various versions of this Chicano legend. I shall show that the different contents found in the multiple versions of La Llorona are of the same form, and further, that the variations depend on the locale of settled Chicano populations. In truth, the farther away a distinct Chicano population is from its cultural heritage, the more opaque and sinister the mystic tale of La Llorona is told within that local population. Let us look back to the beginning, the time of Hernando Cortes during Spains conquest over the Aztec tribes of Mexico. This is where the tale of the Crying Woman was said to have begun (La Llorona 79). In this ancient history, La Llorona is part of a holy trinity, mirroring the Christian faith. According to Gloria Anzaldua, All three are mediators: Guadalupe, the virgin mother who has not abandoned us, la Chingada (Malinche), the raped mother whom we have abandoned [Malinche is the basis for many of the La Llorona versions], and la Llorona, the mother who seeks her lost children and is a combination of the other two (3047). We see at the time of the tales birth that the Crying Woman is seen as a mother to the Aztec people and she is crying for her children being lost to the Spaniards and their religion. We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Faces of La Llorona specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Faces of La Llorona specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on The Many Faces of La Llorona specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Here at the origin, amid the still pure Aztec culture, La Llorona is a figure of compassion and respect: not a story to scare children. Though the shortest of the versions, La Llorona in Mexico still has some of the compassion and culture of the long ago displaced Aztec civilization. It reads simply, At night, in the wind, a womans voice was heard. Oh my children, we are now lost! Sometimes she said, Oh my children, where shall I take you? (La Llorona 79). The oral form between this version and the original Aztec version has changed little in content. Both still speak of a sad mother crying for her lost children. However, the meaning between the two has changed. Where the ancient version sees a mother goddess crying for a lost culture, the Mexico version tells of a family in dire straits, lost within the howling winds of the cold night. Time has carried the Mexico version away from its Aztec culture. As a result, the meaning of La Llorona has changed for this group of the Chicano population. In La Llorona in Texas, the contents of the tale have changed drastically from the previous two accounts. In this version, a vaquero [cowboy] sees a haunting vision of the wailing woman near a river. He is terrified of the apparition, and in his terrified state yells at the ghost as he draws his pistol, Now Im going to kill you (La Llorona 80). There is no longer any mention of the children she is known to be crying for in the other versions. Instead, we have a man afraid of a woman, which is a stark contrast to the macho culture of Chicano men. As the Chicano culture moves farther away from its roots, both in distance and time, the more poisoned the tale becomes to its listeners. Even farther away from their ancestral lands than the Chicano populations of Texas are those of California. Within this version, La Llorona in California, the tale has taken on a dark and horrible tone. No longer is the Crying Woman a holy mother, no longer is she a mother with lost children in the ebony night, nor is she just a wandering ghost along a lonely river. Now she has become the stuff of childrens nightmares. One part of the tale goes, She told Him [God] that†¦she had thrown one [her child] down the toilet†¦another had been thrown into the sea†¦and that she had thrown the other one into†¦a river (La Llorona 79). We now are told to see her as a murderous beast that has drowned her own children: a far cry from the noble goddess of the Aztecs known for her compassion. Even more, we are told that she does this deed so to continue her wild life of sin, not wanting to be tied down by children (La Llorona 79). In interviews with two different people of Chicano culture, I found yet two more variations of the tale. In the first interview, with Ofelia Chavez, I was told that the tale of La Llorona was revealed to her by her mother as the story of a weeping mother whose children had died when rossing the Rio Grande River. It is a parable teaching of the dangers of crossing the border. In the second interview conducted with Sallie Babb, La Llorona was the story of a ghostly woman wandering the night in search of children. Babb related to me that as a little girl, her mother would tell her and her siblings not to go out after dark or La Llorona would snatch them away forever. Chavez is from West Texas an d Babb is from the border area of the Rio Grande River. Even with that slight distance between them, the tales that each heard vary in their contents in extreme ways. When asked, neither of them knew of La Llorona as a tale of a compassionate mother-goddess crying for her lost people from the days of the mighty Aztec Empire. As the Chicano culture is separated from its past, it loses respect for itself. Walter Ong has said, †¦oral societies live very much in a present which keeps itself in equilibrium or homeostasis by sloughing off memories which no longer have present relevance (Orality and Literacy 46). So it may be that although the oral literatures may change, it may not necessarily be a detrimental act. Like La Llorona in the view of Chavez, it is a story told to teach of the hazards of the borderlands. Ong also points out, When generations pass and the object or institution referred to by the archaic word is no longer part of present, lived experience, though the word has been retained, its meaning is commonly altered or simply vanishes (Orality and Literacy 47). In other words, when a people forget their roots, they change, or even lose, the oral interpretations handed down from storyteller to storyteller. The result is a loss of self for that people. They have no history that can be recalled to remind them of what they were and how great they were, and more importantly, what they are capable of becoming now. If you cut off the roots of any plant, then it will die. It is the same way with cultures. It is fact that the various versions of La Llorona arise from the distances in both time and miles. But why do these changes occur? It may be that as population groups from one culture amalgamate into the culture of another (i. e. Mexican into American), the smaller population tends to be suppressed by the larger dominant culture. As a result, the smaller population group is either forced unwillingly into blending their oral literature with the opinions of the dominant culture in order to survive in a foreign land, giving up their tales to the past to be lost forever, or adapting the stories to better teach the next generation lessons of life in a changing world. This is why the form of oral literature is so important to who we are as a people and as individuals. How can we know who we are and where we are going if we dont know where we come from? Personally, I cherish the stories my grandfathers would tell of my ancestors and how I came to be a cornucopia of Cherokee, French, German and English heritages that today define who I am in this world. Without orality in literature, I could not possibly with any truth say I know who I am and where Im going. It is a lesson for all of us. Word Count: 1480 Works Cited Anzaldua, Gloria. from Borderlands/La Frontera. The Heath Anthology of American Literature. 3rd ed. Gen. Ed. Paul Lauter. Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1998. 3042-3065. Babb, Sallie. Personal interview. Testerment, Charles A. 23 September 1998. Chavez, Ofelia. Personal interview. Testerment, Charles A. 16 September 1998. La Llorona. Hispanic American Literature: An Anthology. Ed. Rodolfo Cortina. Lincolnwood, IL: NTC Publishing Group, 1998. 79-80. Ong, Walter. Some Psychodynamics of Orality. Orality and Literacy: The Technologizing of the Word. New York: Methven, 1982. 30-77.

5 Steps to Write a Great Analytical Essay

5 Steps to Write a Great Analytical Essay SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Do you need to write an analytical essay for school? What sets this kind of essay apart from other types, and what must you include when you write your own analytical essay? In this guide, we break down the process of writing an analytical essay by explaining the key factors your essay needs to have, providing you with an outline to help you structure your essay, and analyzing a complete analytical essay example so you can see what a finished essay looks like. What Is an Analytical Essay? Before you begin writing an analytical essay, you must know what this type of essay is and what it includes. Analytical essays analyze something, often (but not always) a piece of writing or a film. An analytical essay is more than just a synopsis of the issue though; in this type of essay you need to go beyond surface-level analysis and look at what the key arguments/points of this issue are and why. If you’re writing an analytical essay about a piece of writing, you’ll look into how the text was written and why the author chose to write it that way. Instead of summarizing, an analytical essay typically takes a narrower focus and looks at areas such as major themes in the work, how the author constructed and supported their argument, how the essay usedliterary devices to enhance its messages, etc. While you certainly want people to agree with what you’ve written, unlike with persuasive and argumentative essays, your main purpose when writing an analytical essay isn’t to try to convert readers to your side of the issue. Therefore, you won’t be using strong persuasive language like you would in those essay types. Rather, your goal is to have enough analysis and examples that the strength of your argument is clear to readers. Besides typical essay components like an introduction and conclusion, a good analytical essay will include: A thesis that states your main argument Analysis that relates back to your thesis and supports it Examples to support your analysis and allow a more in-depth look at the issue In the rest of this article, we’ll explain how to include each of these in your analytical essay. How to Structure Your Analytical Essay Analytical essays are structured similarly to many other essays you’ve written, with an introduction (including a thesis), several body paragraphs, and a conclusion. Below is an outline you can follow when structuring your essay, and in the next section we go into more detail on how to write an analytical essay. Introduction Your introduction will begin with some sort of attention-grabbing sentence to get your audience interested, then you’ll give a few sentences setting up the topic so that readers have some context, and you’ll end with your thesis statement. Your introduction will include: A hook Brief background information explaining the issue/text Your thesis Body Paragraphs Your analytical essay will typically have three or four body paragraphs, each covering a different point of analysis. Begin each body paragraph with a sentence that sets up the main point you’ll be discussing. Then you’ll give some analysis on that point, backing it up with evidence to support your claim. Continue analyzing and giving evidence for your analysis until you’re out of strong points for the topic. At the end of each body paragraph, you may choose to have a transition sentence that sets up what the next paragraph will be about, but this isn’t required.Body paragraphs will include: Introductory sentence explaining what you’ll cover in the paragraph (sort of like a mini-thesis) Analysis point Evidence (either passages from the text or data/facts) that supports the analysis (Repeat analysis and evidence until you run out of examples) Conclusion You won’t be making any new points in your conclusion; at this point you’re just reiterating key points you’ve already made and wrapping things up. Begin by rephrasing your thesis and summarizing the main points you made in the essay. Someone who reads just your conclusion should be able to come away with a basic idea of what your essay was about and how it was structured. After this, you may choose to make some final concluding thoughts, potentially by connecting your essay topic to larger issues to show why it’s important. A conclusion will include: Paraphrase of thesis Summary of key points of analysis Final concluding thought(s) 5 Steps for Writing an Analytical Essay Follow these five tips to break down writing an analytical essay into manageable steps. By the end, you’ll have a fully-crafted analytical essay with both in-depth analysis and enough evidence to support your argument. All of these steps use the completed analytical essay in the next section as an example. #1: Pick a Topic You may have already had a topic assigned to you, and if that’s the case, you can skip this step. However, if you haven’t, or if the topic you’ve been assigned is broad enough that you still need to narrow it down, then you’ll need to decide on a topic for yourself. Choosing the right topic can mean the difference between an analytical essay that’s easy to research (and gets you a good grade) and one that takes hours just to find a few decent points to analyze Before you decide on an analytical essay topic, do a bit of research to make sure you have enough examples to support your analysis. If you choose a topic that’s too narrow, you’ll struggle to find enough to write about. For example, say your teacher assigns you to write an analytical essay about the theme in John Steinbeck’s The Grapes of Wrath of exposing injustices against migrants. For it to be an analytical essay, you can’t just recount the injustices characters in the book faced; that’s only a summary and doesn’t include analysis. You need tochoose a topic that allows you to analyze the theme. One of the best ways to explore a theme is to analyze how the author made his/her argument. One example here is that Steinbeck used literary devices in the intercalary chapters (short chapters that didn’t relate to the plot or contain the main characters of the book) to show what life was like for migrants as a whole during the Dust Bowl. You could write about how Steinbeck used literary devices throughout the whole book, but, in the essay below, I chose to just focus on the intercalary chapters since they gave me enough examples. Having a narrower focus will nearly always result ina tighter and more convincing essay (and can make compiling examples less overwhelming). #2: Write a Thesis Statement Your thesis statement is the most important sentence of your essay; a reader should be able to read just your thesis and understand what the entire essay is about and what you’ll be analyzing. When you begin writing, remember that each sentence in your analytical essay should relate back to your thesis In the analytical essay example below, the thesis is the final sentence of the first paragraph (the traditional spot for it). The thesis is: â€Å"In The Grapes of Wrath’s intercalary chapters, John Steinbeck employs a variety of literary devices and stylistic choices to better expose the injustices committed against migrants in the 1930s.† So what will this essay analyze? How Steinbeck used literary devices in the intercalary chapters to show how rough migrants could have it. Crystal clear. #3: Do Research to Find Your Main Points This is where you determine the bulk of your analysisthe information that makes your essay an analytical essay. My preferred method is to list every idea that I can think of, then research each of those and use the three or four strongest ones for your essay. Weaker points may be those that don’t relate back to the thesis, that you don’t have much analysis to discuss, or that you can’t find good examples for. A good rule of thumb is to have one body paragraph per main point This essay has four main points, each of which analyzes a different literary device Steinbeck uses to better illustrate how difficult life was for migrants during the Dust Bowl. The four literary devices and their impact on the book are: Lack of individual names in intercalary chapters to illustrate the scope of the problem Parallels to the Bible to induce sympathy for the migrants Non-showy, often grammatically-incorrect language so the migrants are more realistic and relatable to readers Nature-related metaphors to affect the mood of the writing and reflect the plight of the migrants #4: Find Excerpts or Evidence to Support Your Analysis Now that you have your main points, you need to back them up. If you’re writing a paper about a text or film, use passages/clips from it as your main source of evidence. If you’re writing about something else, your evidence can come from a variety of sources, such as surveys, experiments, quotes from knowledgeable sources etc. Any evidence that would work for a regular research paper works here. In this example, I quoted multiple passages from The Grapes of Wrathin each paragraph to support my argument. You should be able to back up every claim you make with evidence in order to have a strong essay. #5: Put It All Together Now it's time to begin writing your essay, if you haven’t already. Create an introductory paragraph that ends with the thesis, make a body paragraph for each of your main points, including both analysis and evidence to back up your claims, and wrap it all up with a conclusion that recaps your thesis and main points and potentially explains the big picture importance of the topic. Analytical Essay Example + Analysis So that you can see for yourself what a completed analytical essay looks like, here’s an essay I wrote back in my high school days. It’s followed by analysis of how I structured my essay, what its strengths are, and how it could be improved. Essay American author Rita Mae Brown stated, â€Å"Language exerts hidden power, like a moon on the tides.† Applying rhetoric well has been the goal of countless writers throughout history. Effective use of language in literature has had the ability to affect people for generations. John Steinbeck’s novel, The Grapes of Wrath, is an instance of an enduring piece of writing that contains compelling and powerful language. The Grapes of Wrath details the journey of the Joad family as they migrate west after being thrown off their land. The Joads must deal with a severe lack of basic necessities and unjustified hatred towards them even after they arrive in California. Steinbeck uses his intercalary chapters to express his view points and describe the difficulties and indignities migrants had to face. Powerful language is a crucial aspect in getting people to understand the author’s beliefs. In The Grapes of Wrath’s intercalary chapters, John Steinbeck employs a vari ety of literary devices and stylistic choices to better expose the plight of migrants in the 1930s. One way Steinbeck illustrates the connections all migrant people possessed and the struggles they faced is by refraining from using specific titles and names in his intercalary chapters. While The Grapes of Wrath focuses on the Joad family, the intercalary chapters show that all migrants share the same struggles and triumphs as the Joads. No individual names are used in these chapters; instead the people are referred to as part of a group. Steinbeck writes, â€Å"Frantic men pounded on the doors of the doctors; and the doctors were busy. And sad men left word at country stores for the coroner to send a car,† (555). By using generic terms, Steinbeck shows how the migrants are all linked because they have gone through the same experiences. The grievances committed against one family were committed against thousands of other families; the abuse extends far beyond what the Joads experienced. The Grapes of Wrath frequently refers to the importance of coming together; how, when peop le connect with others their power and influence multiplies immensely. Throughout the novel, the goal of the migrants, the key to their triumph, has been to unite. While their plans are repeatedly frustrated by the government and police, Steinbeck’s intercalary chapters provide a way for the migrants to relate to one another because they have encountered the same experiences. Hundreds of thousands of migrants fled to the promised land of California, but Steinbeck was aware that numbers alone were impersonal and lacked the passion he desired to spread. Steinbeck created the intercalary chapters to show the massive numbers of people suffering, and he created the Joad family to evoke compassion from readers. Because readers come to sympathize with the Joads, they become more sensitive to the struggles of migrants in general. However, John Steinbeck frequently made clear that the Joads were not an isolated incident; they were not unique. Their struggles and triumphs were part of something greater. Refraining from specific names in his intercalary chapters allows Steinbeck to show the vastness of the atrocities committed against migrants. Steinbeck also creates significant parallels to the Bible in his intercalary chapters in order to enhance his writing and characters. By using simple sentences and stylized writing, Steinbeck evokes Biblical passages. The migrants despair, â€Å"No work till spring. No work,† (556). Short, direct sentences help to better convey the desperateness of the migrants’ situation. Throughout his novel, John Steinbeck makes connections to the Bible through his characters and storyline. Jim Casy’s allusions to Christ and the cycle of drought and flooding are clear biblical references. By choosing to relate The Grapes of Wrath to the Bible, Steinbeck’s characters become greater than themselves. Starving migrants become more than destitute vagrants; they are now the chosen people escaping to the promised land. When a forgotten man dies alone and unnoticed, it becomes a tragedy. Steinbeck writes, â€Å"If [the migrants] were shot at, they did not run, but splashed sul lenly away; and if they were hit, they sank tiredly in the mud,† (556). Injustices committed against the migrants become greater because they are seen as children of God through Steinbeck’s choice of language. Referencing the Bible strengthens Steinbeck’s novel and purpose: to create understanding for the dispossessed. It is easy for people to feel disdain for shabby vagabonds, but connecting them to such a fundamental aspect of Christianity induces sympathy from readers who might have otherwise disregarded the migrants as so many other people did. The simple, uneducated dialogue Steinbeck employs also helps to create a more honest and meaningful representation of the migrants, and it makes the migrants more relatable to readers. Steinbeck chooses to accurately represent the language of the migrants in order to more clearly illustrate their lives and make them seem more like real paper than just characters in a book. The migrants lament, â€Å"They ain’t gonna be no kinda work for three months,† (555). There are multiple grammatical errors in that single sentence, but it vividly conveys the despair the migrants felt better than a technically perfect sentence would. The Grapes of Wrath is intended to show the severe difficulties facing the migrants so Steinbeck employs a clear, pragmatic style of writing. Steinbeck shows the harsh, truthful realities of the migrants’ lives and he would be hypocritical if he chose to give the migrants a more refined voice and not portray them with all their shortcomings. The depiction of the migrants as imperfect through their language also makes them easier to relate to. Steinbeck’s primary audience was the middle class, the less affluent of society. Repeatedly in The Grapes of Wrath, the wealthy make it obvious that they scorn the plight of the migrants. The wealthy, not bad luck or natural disasters, were the prominent cause of the suffering of migrant families such as the Joads. Thus, Steinbeck turns to the less prosperous for support in his novel. When referring to the superior living conditions barnyard animals have, the migrants remark, â€Å"Them’s horses-we’re men,† (556). The perfect simplicity of this quote expresses the absurdness of the migrants’ situation better than any flowery expression could. In The Grapes of Wrath, John Steinbeck uses metaphors, particularly about nature, in order to illustrate the mood and the overall plight of migrants. Throughout most of the book, the land is described as dusty, barren, and dead. Towards the end, however; floods come and the landscape begins to change. At the end of chapter twenty-nine, Steinbeck describes a hill after the floods saying, â€Å"Tiny points of grass came through the earth, and in a few days the hills were pale green with the beginning year,† (556). This description offers a stark contrast from the earlier passages which were filled with despair and destruction. Steinbeck’s tone from the beginning of the chapter changes drastically. Early in the chapter, Steinbeck had used heavy imagery in order to convey the destruction caused by the rain, â€Å"The streams and the little rivers edged up to the bank sides and worked at willows and tree roots, bent the willows deep in the current, cut out the roots of cott onwoods and brought down the trees,† (553). However, at the end of the chapter the rain has caused new life to grow in California. The new grass becomes a metaphor representing hope. When the migrants are at a loss over how they will survive the winter, the grass offers reassurance. The story of the migrants in the intercalary chapters parallels that of the Joads. At the end of the novel, the family is breaking apart and has been forced to flee their home. However, both the book and final intercalary chapter end on a hopeful note after so much suffering has occurred. The grass metaphor strengthens Steinbeck’s message because it offers a tangible example of hope. Through his language Steinbeck’s themes become apparent at the end of the novel. Steinbeck affirms that persistence, even when problems appear insurmountable, leads to success. These metaphors help to strengthen Steinbeck’s themes in The Grapes of Wrath because they provide a more memorable way to recall important messages. John Steinbeck’s language choices help to intensify his writing in his intercalary chapters and allow him to more clearly show how difficult life for migrants could be. Refraining from using specific names and terms allows Steinbeck to show that many thousands of migrants suffered through the same wrongs. Imitating the style of the Bible strengthens Steinbeck’s characters and connects them to the Bible, perhaps the most famous book in history. When Steinbeck writes in the imperfect dialogue of the migrants, he creates a more accurate portrayal and makes the migrants easier to relate to for a less affluent audience. Metaphors, particularly relating to nature, strengthen the themes in The Grapes of Wrath by enhancing the mood Steinbeck wants readers to feel at different points in the book. Overall, the intercalary chapters that Steinbeck includes improve his novel by making it more memorable and reinforcing the themes Steinbeck embraces throughout the novel. Exemplary sty listic devices further persuade readers of John Steinbeck’s personal beliefs. Steinbeck wrote The Grapes of Wrath to bring to light cruelties against migrants, and by using literary devices effectively, he continuously reminds readers of his purpose. Steinbeck’s impressive language choices in his intercalary chapters advance the entire novel and help to create a classic work of literature that people still are able to relate to today. Analysis This essay sticks pretty closely to the standard analytical essay outline. It starts with an introduction, where I chose to use a quote to start off the essay. (This became my favorite way to start essays in high school because, if I wasn’t sure what to say, I could outsource the work and find a quote that related to what I’d be writing about.) The quote in this essay doesn’t relate to the themes I’m discussing quite as much as it could, but it’s still a slightly different way to start an essay and can intrigue readers. I then give a bit of background on The Grapes of Wrath and its themes before ending the intro paragraph with my thesis: that Steinbeck used literary devices in intercalary chapters to show how rough migrants had it. Each of my four body paragraphs is formatted in roughly the same way: an intro sentence that explains what I’ll be discussing, analysis of that main point, and at least two quotes from the book as evidence. My conclusion restates my thesis, summarizes each of four points I discussed in my body paragraphs, and ends the essay by briefly discussing how Steinbeck’s writing helped introduce a world of readers to the injustices migrants experienced during the dust bowl. What does this analytical essay example do well? For starters, it contains everything that a strong analytical essay should, and it makes that easy to find. The thesis clearly lays out what the essay will be about, the first sentence of each of the body paragraph introduces the topic it’ll cover, and the conclusion neatly recaps all the main points. Within each of the body paragraphs, there’s analysis along with multiple excerpts from the book in order to add legitimacy to my points. Additionally, the essay does a good job of taking an in-depth look at the issue introduced in the thesis. Four ways Steinbeck used literary devices are discussed, and for each of the examples are given and analysis is provided so readers can understand why Steinbeck included those devices and how they helped shaped how readers viewed migrants and their plight. Where could this essay be improved? I believe the weakest body paragraph is the third one, the one that discusses how Steinbeck used plain, grammatically incorrect language to both accurately depict the migrants and make them more relatable to readers. The paragraph tries to touch on both of those reasons and ends up being somewhat unfocused as a result. It would have been better for it to focus on just one of those reasons (likely how it made the migrants more relatable) in order to be clearer and more effective. It’s a good example of how adding more ideas to an essay often doesn’t make it better if they don’t work with the rest of what you’re writing. This essay also could explain the excerpts that are included more and how they relate to the points being made. Sometimes they’re just dropped in the essay with the expectation that the readers will make the connection between the example and the analysis. This is perhaps especially true in the seco nd body paragraph, the one that discusses similarities to Biblical passages. Additional analysis of the quotes would have strengthened it. Summary: How to Write an Analytical Essay What is an analytical essay? A critical analytical essay analyzes a topic, often a text or film. The analysis paper uses evidence to support the argument, such as excerpts from the piece of writing. All analytical papers include a thesis, analysis of the topic, and evidence to support that analysis. When developing an analytical essay outline and writing your essay, follow these five steps: #1: Choose a topic #2: Write your thesis #3: Decide on your main points #4: Gather evidence to support your analysis #5: Put it all together Reading analytical essay examples can also give you a better sense of how to structure your essay and what to include in it. What's Next? Learning about different writing styles in school?There are four main writing styles, and it's important to understand each of them. Learn about them in our guide to writing styles, complete with examples. Writing a research paper for school but not sure what to write about?Our guide to research paper topics has over 100 topics in ten categories so you can be sure to find the perfect topic for you. Literary devices can both be used to enhance your writing and communication. Check out this list of 31 literary devices to learn more! Have friends who also need help with test prep? Share this article! Tweet Christine Sarikas About the Author Christine graduated from Michigan State University with degrees in Environmental Biology and Geography and received her Master's from Duke University. In high school she scored in the 99th percentile on the SAT and was named a National Merit Finalist. She has taught English and biology in several countries. Get Free Guides to Boost Your SAT/ACT Get FREE EXCLUSIVE insider tips on how to ACE THE SAT/ACT. 100% Privacy. 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East Carolina University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data

East Carolina University GPA, SAT ACT Admissions Data East Carolina GPA, SAT and ACT Graph East Carolina University GPA, SAT Scores and ACT Scores for Admission. Data courtesy of Cappex. How Do You Measure Up at East Carolina University? Calculate Your Chances of Getting In  with this free tool from Cappex. Discussion of East Carolinas Admissions Standards: Roughly two-thirds of the applicants to East Carolina University are admitted. The bar for admission, however, is not overly high, and students with decent grades and test scores have a very good chance of getting in. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent accepted students. You can see that the majority of successful applicants had high school averages of B- or higher, combined SAT scores of 1000 or higher (RWM), and ACT composite scores of 19 or higher. Higher grades and test scores obviously translate into a better chance of acceptance. In the middle of the graph youll see some red dots (rejected students) and yellow dots (waitlisted students) mixed in with the green and blue. Some students with grades and test scores that were on target for East Carolina University did not win admission. At the same time, some students were accepted with test scores and grades a little bit below the norm. This is because the East Carolinas admissions process is not entirely numerical. The university evaluates the rigor of your high school curriculum, not just your grades. The admissions folks want to see that you have taken challenging courses that have prepared you for college-level work. Also, the university is committed to diversity, and students personal situations and backgrounds can play a factor in the admissions process. To learn more about East Carolina University, high school GPAs, SAT scores and ACT scores, these articles can help: East Carolina University Admissions ProfileWhats a Good SAT Score?Whats a Good ACT Score?Whats Considered a Good Academic Record?What is a Weighted GPA? Articles Featuring East Carolina University: North Carolina Colleges and UniversitiesSAT Score Comparison for North Carolina Colleges and UniversitiesThe American Athletic Conference If You Like East Carolina University, You May Also Like These Schools Wake Forest University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphDuke University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElon University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity of North Carolina - Greensboro:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphCampbell University:  Profile  North Carolina State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWestern Carolina University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClemson University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWingate University:  Profile  High Point University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUniversity  of North Carolina - Wilmington:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph

Criminal Justice - Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Criminal Justice - - Essay Example In Shawshank Redemption, Andy was imprisoned after killing his wife and her lover despite his claims of innocence. After the prison warder had realized that Andy was an accountant by profession, he began protecting him. This is because he knew that he would assist him in his money laundering scam (Cole, Christopher and Christina 95). Conover’s depiction of prison guards is different from that of Shawshank Redemption. This is because Conover condemned the bad picture, which portrays the correctional officers as bad people, mindlessly authoritarian, and inherently sadistic. For example, Conover demonstrated this by acting as an example in Sing Sing Prison. He interacted with prison wardens and inmates closely unlike at first where there was a greater gap between the correctional officers, prison wardens, and inmates. Conover described this portrayal as unsympathetic and inaccurate image of the guards. Conover portrayed prison guards as multidimensional characters. This is because they are neither good nor bad, but they are simply struggling in difficult circumstances. Conover recommended that the prison guards should be given full support since they have critical roles in administering justice. This is in terms of working environment, remuneration, and housing. It has been obvious that inmates are the most brutalized in the prisons. This is because guards are mistreating them by denying them their rights in the prison. For example, they might be bitten to an extent that they are injured. Others go for some days without food and even taking bath. The brutal exercise might even extend to other people who are not in prison. These are, for example, the relatives of the inmates. The relatives are coming to the prison to visit their people, but they are sometimes denied to talk or even greet the inmates. Though they are not physically brutalized, they are psychologically disturbed

Technological Forces of cars industry Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Technological Forces of cars industry - Essay Example In addition, new materials that make the car lighter will enable the manufacturers to increase fuel efficiency whether they are powered by gasoline, electricity, or flex fuels. Technological forces will result in cars that go farther for less cost. Electricity is the fuel of choice for many people that see it as sustainable and environmentally friendly. It can be produced from solar or wind and can utilize hydrogen through the use of fuel cells. However, the battery has been the weak component in the system. They are traditionally heavy, dirty, have a limited storage capacity, and a short lifespan. Lithium Ion batteries do offer some promise as improvements have been made in recent years. Don Hillebrand, director of the Center for Transportation Research at Argonne National Laboratory "believes that the ultimate medium for electric vehicles' batteries may well be lithium ion, the same material used today in batteries for laptop computers" (Orzech, 2007). Lithium Ion is poised to replace the existing battery technologies of lead-acid and nickel-metal-hydride, and the new high-end electric roadster Tesla is powered by 6800 lithium batteries. As the industry bridges the gap to the totally electric automobile and a move away from gasoline, the interim period may be fuelled by natural gas. Natural gas is a technology that has been largely overlooked due to a few disadvantages.

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid by Virgil and the Odyssey by Ho

Descent to the Underworld in the Aeneid and the Odyssey I chose to compare the Odyssey written by the Greek poet Homer and the Aeneid by the Roman poet Virgil. I will focus my interest on Book 11 of the Odyssey and Book 6 of the Aeneid, since that is when both of the main characters make an educational visit to the underworld. The description of the underworld created by Homer's wild imagination, inspired Virgil eight centuries later. Virgil's masterpiece was planned as an imitation of Homer's poems, so one automatically starts comparing the creations of the two authors. They were separated by eight centuries and by the cultural differences of their people. These differences are reflected on the structure of their compositions. At first the reasons for Aeneas's and Odysseus's voyage to the world below seem similar. Both of them want to receive information from the people who have already died. This knowledge is necessary in order for them to continue a successful life in the real world, amongst the real people. Aeneas wants to ask his wise father Anchises for advise about the foundation of a new state - Rome. His father tells him about the future of his family. This prophecy includes the history of Rome all the way until the days of Virgil himself. What glories follow Dardan generations ====================================== In after years, and from Italian blood What famous children in your line will come, Souls of the future, living in our name, I shall tell clearly now, and in the telling Teach you your destiny.[1] The need for Odysseus to travel to the underworld doesn't seem to be motivated at all... ...not only the characters but also the poets who wrote the two outstanding compositions, on which all of the world's literature is based. Homer who glorifies the great value of a person and Virgil who glorifies the grandeur of the State - Rome. [IMAGE] Works Cited Fagles, Robert. The Odyssey. New York: Penguin Books USA Inc. 1996 Fitzgerald, Robert. The Aeneid. Penguin Books. --------------------------------------------------------------------- [1] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 1015 [2] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 111 [3] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 129 [4] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 153 [5] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 614 [6] Homer Odyssey B.11 line 540 [7] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 883 [8] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 824 [9] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 835 [10] Virgil Aeneid B.6 line 1230

Extracting Dna from Bananas

Extracting DNA from Bananas In the Lab: Extracting DNA from Bananas, DNA was removed from bananas that had been blended with water in order to examine how DNA is seen from the naked eye. DNA stands for deoxyribonucleic acid, which is a nucleic acid that contains the sugar deoxyribose. DNA is made up of a series of monomers called nucleotides. Each nucleotide has three parts: a deoxyribose molecule, a phosphate group, and a nitrogenous base. In addition, there are four kinds of nitrogenous bases in DNA. Two of the nitrogenous bases, adenine and guanine, belong to a group of compounds known as purines. The remaining two bases, cytosine and thymine, are known as pyrimidines. The actual DNA structure is seen as a double helix in which two strands are wound around each other. Each strand is made up of a chain of nucleotides. The two strands are held together by hydrogen bonds between adenine and thymine and between guanine and cytosine. In 1944, a group of scientists led by Canadian biologist Oswald Avery performed an experiment that would determine which molecule in a heat-killed bacterium was most important for transformation to occur. Avery and the other scientists discovered that DNA is the nucleic acid that stores and transmits the genetic information from one generation of an organism to the next. Thus, DNA is present in all living organisms. It holds the instructions necessary for the organism to grow and function, and is passed on from generation to generation through heredity. During the procedure of the lab, a ratio of one banana per one cup (250 milliliters) of distilled water had to be mixed together in a blender. The solution had to be blended for 15 to 20 seconds, until it became a dense mixture. In a separate five-ounce cup, a solution consisting of one teaspoon of shampoo and two pinches of salt was made. 20 milliliters (four teaspoons) of distilled water was then added to the mixture. Then the salt and shampoo had to be dissolved into the mixture by stirring slowly by avoiding foaming. Three heaping teaspoons of the banana mixture that was made in the beginning of the experiment was then added to the shampoo, salt, and water solution and mixed with a spoon for five to ten minutes. While the banana solution was being mixed, a number two cone coffee filter was laced inside a second five-ounce cup. The coffee filter was specifically placed in the cup so that it did not touch the bottom. After stirring for five to ten minutes, the mixture of banana and shampoo was filtered by pouring it into the coffee filter and letting the solution drain for several minutes until there was approximately five milliliters of filtrate to test. A test tube of cold alcohol was then obtained. Then a plastic pipette was filled with the filtrate two times and added to the alcohol. The solution then sat for two to three minutes without a single disruption such as shaking the test tube. The white DNA could be seen precipitating out of the alcohol layer. Lastly, when good results were obtained, there was enough DNA to spool onto a rod or a plastic loop. Throughout the entire experiment there were many possible ways that the ending result of the appearance of the DNA could have differed. The order in which the procedure is stated is very important because the cells must first be broken down in order to release the DNA to be seen. If the steps were altered then the yield or the amount of DNA per banana could have been very small because the DNA would get trapped inside the cells or bound to lipids. Although nowadays very few errors are made due to scientists using biotechnology equipment that allows them to look at DNA to see exactly how organisms are different, and find out how they work. Each living organism has its own unique DNA sequence. Three examples of why scientists might need to indentify DNA are for genetic testing, body identification, and analysis of forensic evidence. Genetic testing can best be defined as a process in which an individual’s DNA is isolated and tested for the presence of specific genes or defects that could indicate the future onset of some disease. Body identification is a subfield of forensic science wherein investigators need to identify a body. Furthermore, analysis of forensic evidence is defined as the application of forensic science and technology to identify specific objects from the trace evidence they leave, often at a crime scene or the scene of an accident. Overall, the Lab: Extracting DNA from Bananas demonstrated and visualized the process of how DNA can be seen from the naked eye by removing DNA directly from bananas.

Validity Of The Capm And Alternative Theories Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 5 Words: 1428 Downloads: 7 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Analytical essay Did you like this example? A major sector in finance is the optimization of portfolio. The target is to maximize the excepted return and minimize the risk. In 1952 Harry Markowitz with his theory about portfolio selection made two observations. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Validity Of The Capm And Alternative Theories Finance Essay" essay for you Create order The first one was that the combinations of two risky assets provide non-cumulative standard deviations since the two assets are positive correlated. Secondly, when a portfolio of risky assets is built, the standard deviation risk of the portfolio is less than the sum of the standard deviations of its contents. Tobin (1958) suggested a methodology to recognize the appropriate portfolios among the efficient ones. Economists William Sharpe (1964) and John Lintner (1965) simplified this first model by measuring the systematic risk which is related with the general market and it is often called market risk. The result was the development of the Capital Asset Pricing Model (CAPM) which became the groundwork of portfolio measurement. CAPM is applied to help investors, managers and owners to solve decision problems of modern financial management. CAPM is used as a measurement of risk and return and shows the relationship between these two factors. The CAPM relates expected returns of an a sset with the risk factor. Moreover it estimates the asset returns and try to modify the risk. In efficient markets the expected returns are correlated by a linear function of their characteristic degrees with market risk. The CAPM says that the expected risk on each asset is relative to its beta. Beta measures the role of a stock to the risk of the market portfolio. The Capital Asset Pricing Model can be defined as: R = rf + B ( rm rf ) where: R = the expected return on asset rf = a risk free rate B = a risk measure of asset rm = the expected market return The CAPM is developed under quite strong assumptions and that means it is hold only in specific situations. The major assumptions of the CAPM are: Investors have homogeneous beliefs There is no limitation on borrowing and lending There are no transactions costs and taxes Mean-Variance is optimal Any investment is equilibrium Investors behave competitively Capital market Line (CML) and Security Market Line (SML) are two deep-rooted models that are useful for derivation of CAPM. Capital Market Line (CML) and efficient frontier The CML shows the expected return for a given level of risk in a combined portfolio. CML measures the risk by à Ã†â€™. CML is hold for efficient portfolios and is applicable by investors with combined and final portfolio which is efficiently diversified. The efficient frontier says that a set of po rtfolio has the maximum return with a given risk or the minimum risk with a given return. The objective is to move up and left so that investors have low risk and high return. Return Risk Security Market Line (SML) The SML is a linear function between market risk and expected return. SML is applicable to portfolio analysis to experiment whether the securities are comparatively priced or not. The SML expresses the return an investor can expect in terms of a free-risk rate and the relative risk of a portfolio. In the SML risk is measured by Icirc; ² and every asset, security or portfolio is positioned on it. Assets over the SML are underpriced relative to CAPM and assets under the SML are overpriced. Empirical tests Tests of the CAPM are quite difficult to perform. The CAPM and its alterations have been generally tested in the literature but many problems have risen, mainly in the variables bias. Recent papers with the use of highly complicated techniques managed t o increase the efficiency of the tests by working with more classified data. Studies on individual security returns by Lintner (1965) and Douglas (1969) werenacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢t so hopeful. Fama and McBeth (1973) investigated the relationship between the average returns and beta using data in a durable period. Roll (1977) made two observations by testing the CAPM. The first one is that the market portfolio is mean-variance efficient when beta and expected return is linear correlated. The second is that if you do not know exactly the market portfolio is ineffective to judge the validity of CAPM. A lot of studies (Banz, 1981; Basu, 1983; Chan et al., 1991; Rosenberg et al., 1985) showed that not only the market beta affects the expected return but also other variables like the size, macroeconomics variables, p/e ratio and book to market value ratio have an important impact on security returns. Fama and French (1992) testing the validity of CAPM found that to reduce errors in beta me asurement is powerful to take into account also non-market risk factors such as differences between return and low/high book to market stocks or portfolio of small/large stocks. Kothari et al,( 1995); instead of monthly returns data used twelve-monthly to approximate beta and found a considerable relationship between cross-sectional returns and beta. A study on US-stocks during 1926-1990 made by Pettengill et al, (1995) described a systematic correlation on beta and return for the whole period when market varies up and down. Downs and Ingram (2000) found that the average of returns are positive correlated with beta, negative with total risk and far from firm-size. Galagedera and Silvapulle (2003) reported strong empirical evidence to show the bond between returns and systematic co-moments in markets. Another approach in 2005 by Galagedera and Faff who developed a three-beta (low-neutral-high) asset pricing model to observe if the relation beta-return varies on up and down market env ironment was encouraging. Validity of the CAPM and the alternative theory of APT After many empirical tests through the years on the CAPM by literature it is commonly accepted by financial world and it is used to approximate the cost of capital. It is a safe method to measure the expected return with risk and show strong correlation between them. That does not guarantee that the CAPM is infallible but certainly is a practical model until now. However alternative theories came out and a well known is Stephen Rossacirc;â‚ ¬Ã¢â€ž ¢s (1976) Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT). Like the CAPM, Arbitrage Pricing Theory deals with expected return and risk but also assumes macroeconomic factors and applies to well-diversified portfolios where unique risk does not exist. The main idea is the measurement of systematic risk with more than one ways. Market and efficient portfolios are not the objective of APT in contrast with the Capital Asset Pricing Model. Both models have advantages and d isadvantages but there are undeniable useful tools for financial aims. Implications of CAPM to investors and financial managers The CAPM shed light on many fields of security analysis and portfolio management. Progress on the analysis of stock exchange-market exists from early practical applications of CAPM. Many studies involved with the course of risk redaction by diversification and the measurement of systematic risk by beta factor. Beta is in a great interest for investors and financial managers as help them to choose the best portfolio by representing the expected returns and shows the level of risk. Beta associates security return with market return so when the market goes up investments behave with the same way and that forces investors for better decisions. The CAPM gave a framework to estimate the performance of investments. Moreover beta-equity can be useful for a company without debt to point the systematic risk of assets. The debt of a company increases the risk of shareholders and therefore the rate of return that is required. An additional risk exists from financial influence and that drives to a higher beta. The CAPM consequently specifies the foundation that a firms-adjusted risk cost of capital must be measured to find out its going concern. . Conclusion This study uses theoretically earlier information about the CAPM and presents empirical facts to support the validity of this model. A summary of the principals of the CAPM are analyzed such as the assumptions under the CAPM, the Security Market Line (SML) and the Capital Market Line (CML). The CAPM provides a practical method to handle both return and risk. Market risk is measured by beta factor and is actually related to the investment decision. It is a substantial variable for portfolio management. Using CAPM is important not only for investors but also for financial managers for choosing the efficient projects. Benefits exist also for individuals and the economy as the CAPM built the foundations of finance theory. In addition the alternative theory of Arbitrage Pricing Theory (APT) is also useful and significant but more theories have to be developed. However more empirical tests and examinations should be done in the future regarding the assumptions of the CAPM a nd the suitable measure of risk to object the best performance.